The True Cost of Legal Aid Across Europe

I posted a recent thread and in it the proposition was touted that England and Wales spends more on Legal Aid than the rest of Europe.

I put forward the idea that this was not true for various factors and recited the fact that France runs a different system. I have now found figures for that, but felt it needed to be put in its own thread as it was a real bone of contention last time it was put forward.

This is the number of crimes committed across European countries that were compared to England and Wales:

England & Wales 4,334,000

Germany 6,054,000

Italy 2,630,000

Spain 2,335,000

France 3,521,000

Norway 277,000

This is the cost for each of those countries, when you factor in the Courts, Legal Aid and the Cost of prosecutions:

England and Wales 4, 458, 810, 000

Germany 8, 171, 522, 000

Italy 4, 427, 485, 116

Spain 4, 202, 016, 219

France 3, 935, 548, 101

These amounts are in Euros and are taken from this document:

http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/cooperation/cepej/evaluation/2012/Rapport_en.pdf

These crime stats are taken from this document:

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php?title=File:Crimes_recorded_by_the_police,1999-2009%281_000%29.png&filetimestamp=20121109145307

We have 2/3rds the crime rate of Germany, but spend almost half of what they spend on our Courts, Prosecutions and Legal Aid.

We have roughly double the crime rate of Italy, and yet we only spend 30,000,000 more than them. How is that not cost effective?

We have 15 times the crime rate of Norway, yet we only spend half a billion more than them, I think that is pretty impressive.

The bullsh!t the press tell you about our legal system being more expensive, is a lie, and you should at least know that and knowing that you should sign the petition to save our justice system:

http://epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/48628

From page 45 of your own reference document:

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

Again, that is JUST legal aid.

Some systems spend their money on the courts system and the courts system that they use is more costly than ours; because we pay people outside of the court to undertake the work that those systems pay those within the court system to undertake.

Hence the overall cost being more important than one aspect.

Let me give you an example, using our friend the NHS.

For example, our NHS covers 3 aspects of care, Preventative Care, Reactive Care, and Palliative Care (Care of the dying).

The Government compares our NHS costs to that of, let’s say Italy. They point out that our NHS costs £1bn and this is twice as much as Italy which costs £500m.

They neglect to tell you that in Italy they have 3 different care systems, each with its own distinct and separate budget. That the £500m spent in Italy ONLY covers Reactive Care.

That Italy has 2 other budgets, each costing £500m: £500m for Preventative Care and £500m for Palliative Care.

So when you actually compare the true costs, the costs of the entire system.

Italy spends £1.5bn on their care, compared to our £1bn.

Each country has about 65m inhabitants.

All of a sudden our care system looks efficient, but it didn’t look that way at the start, and that is because misleading figures were put forward.

This is no different in the Justice system. Misleading figures have been put forward to attempt to fool people into believing that our Justice system costs more than our European counter-parts, but the reality is that it doesn’t cost more when you factor in all the pieces of the puzzle, the real costs of bringing people to trial. When you consider all of these pieces, our Justice system is very efficient.

I will keep adding to this thread for anyone that is interested in reading, as I come across pieces of information. This one I found disturbing, it is a window into the world of Legal Aid, and it is a window I have looked through and has affected members of this forum, so please don’t dismiss this as meaningless. This is how the current system stands.

Some snippets of relevance from this piece this piece deals with Magistrates’ Court work.

A single person, working in a shop, earning £13,000 per year.
Accommodation at £60pw
Council Tax of “” £800 per year.
No children, no child care costs and no maintenance payments.

A full means test applies. You will qualify for legal aid if your disposable income is less than the £3,398 disposable income threshold.

Alas, the computer says no. With the details as described above, you are deemed to have a disposable income of £3,404, which is £6 per year too much disposable income for legal aid. You will not be entitled to Legal Aid.

Another example:

A couple
Both work part-time, each earning a handsome salary of £10,250pa.
You however keep your salaries and expenditure separate, as you have only recently moved in together.
Rent of £500 per month
Council tax at £1,200 per year.
No children or childcare costs.
Your total housing costs pa are therefore £7,200 pa.

Whilst the partner has nothing to do with the allegation, your partners income is fair game for legal aid purposes regardless of their wishes.

The Legal Aid Agency computer crunches the numbers, and allocates an “adjusted living allowance base amount of £5,676″, an “equivalisation of 1.64″ and an “adjusted value of £9,308.64″. This means the total annual aggregated expenditure is £16,508.64, with a total annual disposable income of £3,991.36, which is of course over the threshold of £3,398.00.

Please don’t ask me to explain what “equivalisation” is, and how these figures are calculated. Please ask the Justice Secretary, I would like to see his response!

In layman’s terms, the computer has again said no. You are too wealthy for legal aid yet again.

How can people earning £10,200 pa be “too wealthy” for legal aid?
How can an individual earning £13,000 pa be “too wealthy” for legal aid?

This is not about the future changes, it is about the current system and how it is already extremely efficient and soul-destroyingly unjust.

Yep - people on the salary figure you quote have virtually no expendable income - certainly not enough to fight a legal case.

The bar should be set higher.

It represents an attack on social progress and equality - both of which are rapidly going into reverse at the moment.

Yet more on the nature of our Ministry of Justice and its friends in private enterprise, and what we can expect from these reforms.

A man by the name of David Griffiths was in charge of Ministry of Justice procurement for the £5 - £20 billion project to privatise the probation service. He has now left the Ministry of Justice and now, less than 6 months later, has been taken on by G4S as: Head of Probation.

Under the contract for the provision of electronic tags the contract unit price is £1,000. The same unit in the USA is £100. The contract price for the delivery of a prisoner to and from court is £800 per delivery.

The public loses twice over. They receive no value under the contract which in turn causes futures cuts, resulting in the loss of other services.

It’s more than just the figures surely, it must be based on the whole approach to dealing with such things, or are the legal systems in each country comparable?

And when could you ever trust the press to actually tell the truth? Our society these days is about an immediate fix of information and tomorrow society will want their next fix of something different. So why would the press actually bother to report on something properly, spending the time to investigate it in great detail, when it only matters for such a short period of time?

Even poor Lee Rigby will have been killed in vain, as it’ll just be forgotten about when the next big story comes along.

Fixing problems is all a bit difficult really, so we’ll all just ignore them and hope they go away :wink:

Interesting that the figures quoted by Pat seem to show that the UK spends more on Legal Aid per case than any other country. So the problem would seem to be the cost of each case rather than the means by which cases are deemed to have qualified. If the bar for qualifying for Legal Aid was set lower (and I’m not saying it shouldn’t be) then presumably the overall spend would increase exponentially.

The fact is that in this country our defence solicitors/barristers do a lot of the leg work in criminal cases. They apply for information, interview people, collect witness statements etc. This costs a lot of money.

For instance, in France a Magistrate will investigate the crime. The Defence in France does not do the leg work, so the legal aid costs for employing them are minimal. The cost for the Magistrate, is higher than the costs that we spend on Defence solicitors/barristers.

Here is another real world example for you, that you might find shocking, and might explain the way Legal Aid currently works:

Person A:
£12,000 salary, single male, working in a restaurant. Pays £42.76 in tax per month, and £42.52 in national insurance contributions per month. With total deductions of £85.19, he receives a net wage of £914.81 per month.

Person A lives at home, and pays no board or lodgings. He pays no Council Tax, no childcare costs and no maintenance payments.

He has been charged and Indicted with a denied allegation of Burglary, a Class E offence.

The legal aid department at the Magistrates’ Court have granted him legal aid for his Crown Court case.

The legal aid department calculate that he has an annual disposable income of £5,301.72.

They send with the legal aid certificate a Contribution Notice, which declares that he must pay five payments of £397.00 per month, or six payments of £397.00 if he fails to make a payment on time. He does however have the option of paying an upfront contribution of £1,985.

The contribution is nearly fifty percent of his entire net salary.

There is no allowance made for any other costs that Person A incurs.

The long and short of it – he was deprived access to legal aid and had no legal support for when he was in court. The prosecution offered no evidence on the first day of trial and the defendant was acquitted.

The actual costs had Person A been represented would have been:

Solicitor: £255.38 plus VAT
Barrister: £533.46 plus VAT

The total legal costs incurred would have therefore been £946.61 (including VAT, but excluding disbursements. postal costs etc).

The client would have paid £1,985 to the Ministry of Justice, via Rossendales the collection agents, which is £1038.39 more than the VAT inclusive figure paid to the litigator and the advocate.

Person A is a single person earning £12,000 a year, and he was forced out of legal representation simply by being asked to pay MORE than would have been paid to his legal aid representatives had they been employed.

This upfront payment of legal costs, which is extraordinarily difficult for people to pay, may sometimes be less than the total spend on legal aid, but the fact that it exists in every case, regardless of the final outcome, creates a problem for those on low incomes.